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Toxicity of TOTK

Tetrahydropalmatine (TOTK) is a toxic alkaloid found in certain plants, particularly in the Papaveraceae family. TOTK can cause severe toxicity in horses, leading to a range of symptoms and potentially fatal outcomes.

Chemical Composition of TOTK

TOTK is a quaternary alkaloid with a complex chemical structure. It consists of a benzylisoquinoline nucleus with four hydrogen atoms attached to the nitrogen atom.

Mechanisms of Toxicity

TOTK exerts its toxic effects through several mechanisms:

• Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration: TOTK blocks the electron transport chain in mitochondria, leading to a decrease in energy production.
• Depletion of glutathione: TOTK depletes glutathione levels, an important antioxidant in the body.
• Induction of oxidative stress: The inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and depletion of glutathione lead to an increase in oxidative stress, causing damage to cells and tissues.

Symptoms of TOTK Poisoning, Totk can horses die

The symptoms of TOTK poisoning in horses can vary depending on the dose ingested and the individual horse’s sensitivity.

• Gastrointestinal signs: Colic, diarrhea, vomiting
• Cardiovascular signs: Tachycardia, arrhythmias
• Neurological signs: Depression, ataxia, seizures
• Hepatic signs: Jaundice, elevated liver enzymes
• Renal signs: Oliguria, azotemia

General Inquiries: Totk Can Horses Die

What is TOTK?

TOTK is a type of grass that contains a toxin called ipomeamarone, which can be harmful to horses.

How do horses get poisoned by TOTK?

Horses can be poisoned by TOTK by ingesting the plant, either while grazing or eating hay that contains TOTK.

What are the symptoms of TOTK poisoning in horses?

Symptoms of TOTK poisoning in horses can include weakness, depression, incoordination, and tremors.

How is TOTK poisoning treated in horses?

There is no specific antidote for TOTK poisoning, but treatment is supportive and may include fluids, electrolytes, and pain relievers.